Taking a look at the UX case study that was done by Johny Vino for the New York Times app, my observations are thus;
For a case study to be valid, it has to identify a problem that will be solved at the end of the whole exercise.
It has to have goals that are SMART i.e. Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time-bound.
A valid case study has to follow the design process iteratively i.e. stages can be repeated as much as possible until the desired result is achieved.